Mango is native to India and is one of the most important fruit crops world-wide. Its botanical name is Mangifera indica L. and is the most important species of the genus Mangifera, which produces the most delicious fruit called the mango. The genus Mangifera contains about 49 species, of which 8 are of doubtful status and 41 are valid species. Morphologically the genus could be separated under two sections based on the character of the flower disc: the first, with 34 species, has flowers with well developed swollen disc, and the second, with 7 species, has obsolete or pedicellate disc. The cultivation of mango in India is as old as 4,000 to 6000 years. Hsuan-tsang appears to be the first person to bring the mango to the notice of people outside India. Historical records and palaeo- botanical evidences provide ample proof about its origin in the Indo-Burma-Malay region. It moved to China by the 7th Century; to East Africa around the 10th Century AD; to the Philippines in the beginni.
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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is known as the ‘king of fruits’ for its rich taste, flavor, color, production volume and diverse end usage. It belongs to plant family Anacardiaceae and has a small genome size of 439 Mb (2n = 40). Ancient literature indicates origin of cultivated mango in India. Although wild species of genus Mangifera are distributed throughout South and South-East Asia, recovery of Paleocene mango leaf fossils near Damalgiri, West Garo Hills, Meghalaya point to the origin of genus in peninsular India before joining of the Indian and Asian continental plates. India produces more than fifty percent of the world’s mango and grows more than thousand varieties. Despite its huge economic significance genomic resources for mango are limited and genetics of useful horticultural traits are poorly understood. Here we present a brief account of our recent efforts to generate genomic resources for mango and its use in the analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of .
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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is closely related to genera (Mangifera spp.) belong to the family Anacardiaceae that consists of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs. It is an economically and nutritionally important tropical/subtropical tree fruit crop, as it is well-known as "King of Fruits". Most of the current commercial cultivars are from the selections rather than the products of breeding programs. The opportunity for breeding improvement in the mango is significant and challenging. There is a lot more varietal wealth available but certain inherent constraints are involved like: long juvenility, high clonal heterozygosity, one seed per fruit, recalcitrant seeds, polyembryony, early post-zygotic auto-incompatibility and large area requirement for assessment of hybrids. Though, to improve the efficiency of mango breeding; molecular markers, polyembryonic, genetic engineering, mutation breeding, hybridisation, plant tissue culture, clonal selection, and so are playing a vital role to produce new variety of Mango which is dwarf, bear fruits regularly, has better fruit quality, better shipping quality and resistance to diseases and pests. Here, I have mentioned the perspective of breeding methods of Mango, which are at first priority to consider in breeding.
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